Convert temperatures, adjust for pan sizes, and fine-tune baking times for perfect results every time.
| °F | °C | Common Use |
|---|---|---|
| 325 | 163 | Low oven |
| 350 | 177 | Most baking |
| 375 | 191 | Cookies |
| 400 | 204 | Roasting |
| 425 | 218 | High heat |
| 450 | 232 | Pizza, bread |
| Gas Mark | °F | °C |
|---|---|---|
| 1/4 | 225 | 107 |
| 1/2 | 250 | 121 |
| 1 | 275 | 135 |
| 2 | 300 | 149 |
| 3 | 325 | 163 |
| 4 | 350 | 177 |
| 5 | 375 | 191 |
| 6 | 400 | 204 |
| 7 | 425 | 218 |
| 8 | 450 | 232 |
| 9 | 475 | 246 |
| 10 | 500 | 260 |
When using a smaller pan than the recipe calls for, you need to increase the temperature slightly (less surface area = faster browning) and potentially adjust the time.
A 9" pan has ~25% more surface area than an 8" pan. This means heat distributes differently and liquid evaporates at different rates. Always monitor your bake in the last 10 minutes!
Convection ovens circulate hot air, so food cooks faster and more evenly. Generally reduce temperature by 25°F (about 15°C) when converting from a conventional oven recipe.
Great: Cookies, pies, roasting vegetables, baked goods on multiple racks.
Avoid: Cakes that rise high (meringue, cheesecakes), custards, and recipes that rely on gentle, static heat.
| Recipe Pan | Your Pan | Temp Adjustment | Time Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9" round | 8" round | +25°F | Check 5 min early |
| 9" round | 8" square | +25°F | Check 5-10 min early |
| 9x13" pan | 8x8" pan | +25 to 50°F | Reduce, watch closely |
| Two 9" rounds | One 9x13" | Same temp | Check 10-15 min early |
| Muffin tin | Mini muffin | +25°F | Reduce 25-50% |
At high altitudes (3,000+ ft), air pressure is lower causing baked goods to rise faster but dry out. General adjustments:
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| Browning too fast | Cover with foil, reduce temp 25°F |
| Not rising | Check leavening freshness, proper creaming |
| Gummy center | Increase time, ensure accurate temp |
| Dome cracking | Reduce leavening, lower temp, more moisture |
| Sticky top | Remove from pan sooner, cool properly |